Basic Guide to Transformer Substation

Basic Guide to Transformer Substation

The transformer substation is a facility where voltage is altered to facilitate the transmission of electric energy from a power plant to a distant location. The voltage must be elevated to a high level for transmission and subsequently lowered as necessary near the end-user. This process of voltage increase and decrease is accomplished by the substation. As a crucial element in the power system, a substation enables the transformation of voltage, reception, distribution of electric energy, power flow control, and voltage adjustment. The transformer, as the core equipment in the substation, plays a vital role. The substation is primarily designed as a high-voltage facility with medium voltage or a high-voltage substation with a lower high voltage. It occupies a large area and is divided into different zones based on various voltage levels and capacities.

Contact Daelim Transformer

Daelim Transformer is a UL listed transformer manufacturer with a production plant capable of manufacturing transformers adhering to ANSI/IEEE/DOE/CSA/AS and other international standards. With rich experience and robust capabilities, Daelim caters to various customization needs, providing transformers globally. The company boasts excellent after-sales service, offering a warranty period of two years or more, earning praise and appreciation from satisfied customers.

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Substation Transformer
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Ecodesign Transformers
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1500 kVA Substation Transformer
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What is a Transformer Substation?

In the power system, a substation acts as the nexus for transmission and distribution. Substations come in various types, including step-up, step-down, user, and system substations. Despite their diversity, all substations incorporate transformers, switchgear, lightning protection equipment, and control systems, with the transformer serving as the core component.

Reading more: What You Need To Know About Substation Transformer

Types of Transformer Substation

Classification According to Voltage Level

Substations are categorized based on voltage levels, encompassing low-voltage substations (0.2kV, 0.4kV), medium-voltage substations (6kV, 10kV, 15kV, 22kV, 35kV), high-voltage substations (66kV, 110kV, 220kV, 500kV), and ultra-high voltage substations (500kV and above).

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66kV Substation Transformer
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Classification According to Grid Location

Intermediate Transformer Station: Typically installed outdoors with an input voltage of 110-220V and an output voltage of 22-35kV.

Distribution Substation: Positioned downstream of intermediate substations, converting power from 11-35kV to 400-220V, commonly used in factories or construction sites.

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2000 kVA Distribution Transformer
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8MVA Pad Mounted Transformer
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2500kVA Distribution Transformer Tier 2
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Transformer Substation Equipment

Transformer Substations encompass various equipment, including power transformers, earthing systems, circuit breakers, station batteries, disconnecting switches, protective relays, isolators, lightning arrestors, busbars, potential transformers, and current transformers.

Get it now: Power Transformer In Substation

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132kV 138kV Power Transformer
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Types of Distribution Stations

Pole Mounted Substation

A compact and self-contained electrical substation mounted on a utility pole. It transforms and distributes electrical power in areas where space is limited or where a traditional substation might not be feasible. This type is commonly used in urban, suburban, and rural areas.

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Gantry Transformer Substation

Often used in outdoor settings where space is available, and a traditional building may not be practical or necessary. The gantry structure provides a platform to install and organize the necessary electrical components for power distribution. These substations can be found in various environments, including industrial areas and utility installations.

Grounding Substation

Also known as a Grounding Transformer Substation, it is designed to provide effective grounding and protection for the power system. The main purpose is to establish a low-resistance path to the ground for fault currents, ensuring safety and protecting equipment.

Indoor Substation

Housed within an indoor facility, it is commonly used in densely populated areas, residential neighborhoods, or locations where space constraints, aesthetics, or safety considerations make indoor installations preferable.

Kiosk Substation

Also known as a packaged substation, it is a compact and self-contained unit that houses various electrical components for power distribution. Commonly used in urban areas, industrial facilities, and locations where a quick and efficient solution for power distribution is needed.

Prefabricated SubstationPrefabricated substation

Typically consists of high-voltage rooms, transformer rooms, and low-voltage rooms. It serves as a straightforward power transformation and distribution unit, finding applications in various settings such as high-rise residences, luxury villas, parks, residential areas, factories, mines, oil fields, and temporary construction sites.

Try for free: What are the types of prefabricated substations

Traction Substation

Serves the function of converting three-phase high-voltage alternating current into two single-phase alternating currents. Essential for supplying power to electric locomotives and urban transportation systems such as subway railways.

Classification According to Purpose of Use

  • Outdoor Transformer Station: Suitable for factories or production areas, characterized by large size and capacity.
  • Indoor Transformer Station: Ideal for densely populated areas, offering aesthetic appeal and enhanced safety.

How Many Transformers Are in a Substation?

Substations typically feature one or two power transformers alongside distribution equipment, protection devices, and more. Prefabricated in factories, substations are transported to installation sites in assembled form.

How Do Substation Transformers Work?

Substations play a crucial role in connecting power grid components. They distribute power through medium-voltage switchgear, converting high voltage to low voltage or vice versa, ensuring efficient long-distance power transmission.

Learn more: Transmission Transformer | At The Power Lines 

The function of The Power Transformer in the Substation

Transformers in substations reduce power losses during transmission. Step-up transformers transmit power with high voltage and low current for long-distance transportation, while step-down transformers decrease voltage for distribution to end-users.

Keep reading: The Ultimate Guide To Step Down Transformer

Difference Between Power Transformer and Distribution Transformer

Power transformers are designed for efficient operation under 100% load, typically used under full load. In contrast, distribution transformers operate efficiently between 60% and 70% of the load. Other distinctions include insulation quality and load fluctuations.

Daelim - MV & HV Transformer Manufacturer

Few manufacturers specialize in high-voltage transformers due to the stringent requirements for technology, equipment, and production environment. Daelim Transformer stands out as a professional MV & HV transformer manufacturer in China, with over 20 years of experience in design, production, and sales. Daelim's MV & HV transformers adhere to international standards with ANSI/IEEE, CSA, AS, NEMA, and DOE, earning recognition and appreciation globally. Overseas customers are welcome to experience Daelim Transformer's commitment to delivering top-quality transformers and excellent service.

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